Geological Rock Formation
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8 pages in length. Stratigraphy, the scientific study of geological history as devised by English engineer William Smith, came into existence some two hundred years ago. Smith's discovery of identical fossil-bearing rock located in vastly divergent areas of England made him realize that this was something much more than mere coincidence. Taking this knowledge and utilizing it to his benefit, the engineer created stratigraphic maps, which enabled him to "predict accurately the location of undiscovered coal beds" (Florida Museum of Natural History, 1997). Having discovered the same layers of rock and fossil formation existing in opposite locations helped Smith to determine just where hidden coal beds existed; learning that specific rocks layers were associated with coal beds, it became quite a simple task to find those that remained unrevealed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCGeoRock.rtf
Paper Title: Geological Rock Formation

Geology Questions
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This 3 page paper answers some basic questions about geology and the earth's weather systems. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVGeoQst.rtf
Paper Title: Geology Questions

Geomorphology
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This 7 page paper on geormorphology explains the scientific study of landforms and landscapes. The term geomorphology applies normally to the origins as well as the dynamic morphology (changing structure and form) of the earth's land surfaces, but it may also include the morphology of the seafloor as well as the analysis of extraterrestrial terrains. Sometimes included in the field of physical geography, geomorphology is in actuality the geological prospect of the visible landscape. This fascinating science has developed in two distinctive ways that should be integrated in order for the entire structure of the understanding of landscapes to emerge. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAgeomr.wps
Paper Title: Geomorphology

Geotechnical Engineering
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A 5 page overview of the many applications of geotechnical engineering. This paper emphasizes that geotechnical engineers are not just important in planning developmental activities, they also provide a useful service in protecting and reclaiming sensitive ecological areas. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPgeoTec.rtf
Paper Title: Geotechnical Engineering

Geothermal Power: An Alternative for the Future
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An 8 page overview of recent engineering developments in geothermal power. Stresses the incorporation of alternative fuel sources such as geothermal is imperative. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPgeothe.wps
Paper Title: Geothermal Power: An Alternative for the Future

Glaciology:
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This 17 page paper examines the various causes of glaciation. More specifically, possible causes such as astronomical, volcanic, solar constant change, plate tectonics and others are identified and explained in-depth. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: GSGlacir.rtf
Paper Title: Glaciology:

Global Warming And Methane Hydrate
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A 4 page paper. The writer suggests that the exact location and time when global warming began cannot be determined but it does appear to have begun millennia ago, even prior to the industrial revolution. Recent research from drillings in Greenland suggest a new theory for past ice ages and warming trends. Data are reported when available. Both carbon dioxide and methane hydrate cause this greenhouse effect; this is discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGglvwhy.RTF
Paper Title: Global Warming And Methane Hydrate

Global Warming: A Discussion of the Natural Processes Encapsulated by the Milankovitch Theory and the More Deleterious Manmade Influences
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A 10 page discussion of global warming as it is influenced by natural processes determined by the earth's rotation around the sun, natural processes encapsulated by the theories of Serbian astrophysicist Milutin Milankovitch. The author of this paper asserts that the actions of those natural processes have been added to by pollution and activities such as deforestation. The result is an escalated scenario of global warming, a scenario with potentially disastrous results. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPglblW2.rtf
Paper Title: Global Warming: A Discussion of the Natural Processes Encapsulated by the Milankovitch Theory and the More Deleterious Manmade Influences

Gravity, The Universe And Big Bang
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10 pages in length. The writer discusses the contributions of such scientific pioneers as Hawking, Einstein, Ptolemy, Copernicus and Kepler. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: TLCGravity.rtf
Paper Title: Gravity, The Universe And Big Bang

Groundwater Management
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4 pages in length. The writer is a consultant for water usage in Texas. Explores the possibilities to conserve the natural water resources in view of the fact that the area is rapidly growing in population. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAgeogr.wps
Paper Title: Groundwater Management

Harmony: Darwin and Genesis
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A 4 page paper which examines the theme of harmony in Charles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species: Chapter IV Natural Selection” and Chapter 1 of Genesis in the Bible. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAharmy2.rtf
Paper Title: Harmony: Darwin and Genesis

Heat Transfer Mechanisms; Conduction, Convection and Radiation
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This 6 page paper examines heat transference mechanisms. The paper stars with a good overview of how heat is transferred and the equation for heat transfer rates. Following this the three different mechanisms; conduction, convection and radiation are each examined. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEheattran.rtf
Paper Title: Heat Transfer Mechanisms; Conduction, Convection and Radiation

Heating Loads and Hydronic Systems
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A 5 page paper discussing the benefits of boiler-based heating systems for various types of heat loads. In years past, the boiler system was considered to be most useful in only large commercial applications, but it quickly is becoming standard in residential and light industrial use as well. The paper discusses some of the theoretical (i.e., Newtonian) underpinnings of hydronic operation as well as the fluid mechanics aspects. No equations. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSheatLoads.rtf
Paper Title: Heating Loads and Hydronic Systems

High Pressure Silica Minerals: Coesite and Stishovite
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A 5 page paper discussing these rare forms of silica. Generally only found in areas where quartz rocks have been subjected to extremely high pressure such as in Arizona's Meteor Crater, stishovite was first discovered in sandstone that had been converted to glass as a result of the impact of the meteor. While both are silica, coesite's structure is that of tetrahedrons; stishovite is constructed of octahedrons with oxygen. Stishovite is the densest known form of silica and also the hardest known oxide; both begin to degrade in the absence of high pressure. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Coestis.wps
Paper Title: High Pressure Silica Minerals: Coesite and Stishovite

History of the Lake Metroparks in Northeastern Ohio
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A 12 page paper which examines the history, and geological history, of the Lake Metroparks in Northeastern Ohio. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAohio.rtf
Paper Title: History of the Lake Metroparks in Northeastern Ohio

Holes in the Floor of Heaven - The Ozone Layer Issue
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A 5 page paper that examines the environmental problem of the depletion of the ozone layer. The opposing views of this issue are discussed, along with the initial goals and objectives set by the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and the present lapse in the fulfillment of those goals and objectives. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: LCozone.doc
Paper Title: Holes in the Floor of Heaven - The Ozone Layer Issue

Human Habitation and Geological Disasters
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A 10 page research paper on flood, earthquake, and volcano destruction of human civilizations. The writer details the causes of such disasters and famous instances including Vesuvius, Krakatoa, New Madrid, San Francisco, and the great Mississippi floods of 1993. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Volcano.wps
Paper Title: Human Habitation and Geological Disasters

Human Influence on Mono Lake
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A 5 page paper reviewing the human component of the natural history of California’s Mono Lake, and the restoration requirements that have been in place since 1998. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSmonoLake.rtf
Paper Title: Human Influence on Mono Lake

Hurricanes: A Description of this Climatic Phenomenon and a Guide for Preparedness
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A 5 page outline of the many considerations which surround hurricanes. Hurricanes present one of the most catastrophic of all natural disasters. Their development and maturation offers a fascinating climatologic study, a study which is intensified when one realizes the damage to life and property which can result with their advent. Climatologists are constantly seeking to better the techniques which they can use to sense the development of these storms and to track their path from their point of origin to landfall. Accurately predicting the course of these storms and providing adequate warning to those in the area of their potential swath is critical to saving both lives and property, as is proper personal and regional preparations for these devastating events. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhurrc2.wps
Paper Title: Hurricanes: A Description of this Climatic Phenomenon and a Guide for Preparedness

Hydrology Questions
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A 10 page paper answering 9 questions addressing topics including design storm; Richards and Green and Ampt infiltration models; baseflow separation; hydrograph analysis; subbasins; and flood routing. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KShydroQu.rtf
Paper Title: Hydrology Questions

Hydrothermal Vents in the Ocean Floor
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A 9 page overview of this recently discovered geologic phenomena. This paper provides a description of hydrothermal vents as well as a detailed overview of their geology and the biology which they drive. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPocnVnt.rtf
Paper Title: Hydrothermal Vents in the Ocean Floor

Ignimbrite Formations in North America
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A 10 page paper which examines the various Ignimbrite Formations in the Western portion of North America. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAignim.rtf
Paper Title: Ignimbrite Formations in North America

Influence of Geography on History and Development
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This is a 5 page paper discussing geography’s influence on history. Geography has a great impact on history, development, and social, cultural, religious and political affiliations. Historically, regions with geographical advantageous positions, such as those with access to navigable waterways have led other areas in regards to exploration, market economy and development. Geographically, Britain provides an excellent example of the advantages of a land with fertile soil, navigable waterways and a long coastline with natural harbors. This led England to exploration and navigation which in turn led them to other lands which they could develop. Other regions with water access also gained a great deal in trade and exploration. New lands which were developed were also those which were easily accessible, had irritable soil, and navigable waterways. Lands which did not have these geographically preferred features were largely neglected unless they were geophysically blessed with natural resources such as oil or gold. Today geography still plays an essential influence on the historical affiliations of many peoples who despite political, religious or international alliances are still mostly affected with their geographical locale. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJGeoHt1.rtf
Paper Title: Influence of Geography on History and Development

Invasive Non-Native Plants
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This 10 page report discusses non-native, invasive plants and the fact that they have often damaged more habitat than development. Non-native plants or invasive weeds follow a growth pattern opposite the native plants and overcome habitats either before or after the native plants are in season. They may be harmless and beneficial in their natural surroundings, but they can totally devastate different environments. Greater effort must be spent to make individuals aware of the potential harm and destroy non-native invaders when they first appear. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: BWinvasv.rtf
Paper Title: Invasive Non-Native Plants

Is Organically Grown Food a Good Idea?
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A 5 page paper which examines whether organically grown food is better for people and the environment than conventionally grown food. The paper argues that organically grown food is not better and will ultimately harm the environment. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAorgfod.rtf
Paper Title: Is Organically Grown Food a Good Idea?

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