Gelasius and the "two swords."
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(5 pp). In the modern world we are comfortable with the separation of church and state. In the Ancient world that was not always the case. The duality of authority, conceived by Pope Gelasisus I (492-496), as the separation of church and state are discussed. Other historic interpretations of this idea are presented as well. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBg2swdR.doc
Paper Title: Gelasius and the "two swords."

Guibert of Nogent and Hildegard of Bingen
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A 6 page paper which discusses "A Monk's Confession: The Memoirs of Guibert of Nogent" and "Hildegard of Bingen: A Visionary Life." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAhildebuig.wps
Paper Title: Guibert of Nogent and Hildegard of Bingen

HINDUISM AND POLITICS
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This paper discusses the politicalization of Hinduism, particularly in India, where Hinduism is considered the "state's" religion. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MThinpol.rtf
Paper Title: HINDUISM AND POLITICS

Historical roles and Significance of Christian Creeds, Councils and Confessions of Faith
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the historical roles of some of the Christian creeds, councils and confessions of faith. A review of the history of some of the Christian creeds, councils and confessions show an initial unity within the Christian Church which eventually ended; a division which took its form in the development of reformation of Christian beliefs and practices which differed between the Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant Churches. During times of conflict within the Church, religious and political leaders took it upon themselves to convene councils for the development or reaffirmation of doctrines used within the Church. During the surging popularity of the Protestant religion, opposing councils, confessions and articles were developed which further cemented the division between the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches. Articles written for the Church of England underwent several revisions firstly to include the Churches of Scotland and Ireland and secondly, in the case of the American Methodists using the Articles of the Church of England as their basis, to exclude the influence of England within the colonies. While the history of the Christian Church has included countless creeds and revisions, some Christian groups such as the Unitarians and the Quakers continue to practice without creeds and instead stress “humanity’s part in spirituality”. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TJcreed1.rtf
Paper Title: Historical roles and Significance of Christian Creeds, Councils and Confessions of Faith

History Of Monasticism And Religious Orders
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A 7 page paper that begins by explaining the origin or the word monasticism and the types of lifestyles that may be adopted as a monk. The connection between monasticism and asceticism is explained. The writer then traces the history of the practice of monasticism before and after Christ and identifies the first Christian monastic orders that were founded. The differences between Eastern monastics and Western monastics are described. It was in the 6th century that the monastic way of life grew so much with the founding of the Franciscans and the Dominicans. The founding of more religious orders, including the Jesuits, was re-emphasized during the Reformation. The challenges to monasticism are discussed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PGmnks.rtf
Paper Title: History Of Monasticism And Religious Orders

History Of The African Methodist Episcopal Church
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This 6 page paper explains the chronological history of black Methodist Churches. The reasons for the separation and further divisions are discussed. The history begins in 1784. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGamehs.rtf
Paper Title: History Of The African Methodist Episcopal Church

How Coursework Has Impacted A Student's Worldview
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This 4 page paper considers some works that student has addressed in class and how it has influenced their world view. Religion is discussed in depth. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA649spi.rtf
Paper Title: How Coursework Has Impacted A Student's Worldview

How Is Medieval History Relevant To Contemporary Relations Between The West And The Islamic World?
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7 pages in length. It is a harsh reality that has reinvented itself over and over again during some of the most difficult times of global conflict. While at times it serves to unite people under the umbrella of solidarity, it also fuels aggression and hatred toward those who do not uphold the same tenets. This demon of such tremendous proportion seeks to unify but ultimately divides, which reflects the way in which religious fundamentalism of medieval times has perpetuated throughout the centuries to once again raise its ugly head where contemporary relations between the West and the Islam world are concerned. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCMediIslm.rtf
Paper Title: How Is Medieval History Relevant To Contemporary Relations Between The West And The Islamic World?

How Religion Effects the Choosing of a President
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A 5 page paper which discusses how religion effects the choosing of a president. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RArelgpres.wps
Paper Title: How Religion Effects the Choosing of a President

Influences in Twelfth century Europe
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This 5 page paper considers the different influence that were felt in 12th century Europe form the institutional church to the Islamic and Byzantine empires. The different influences are discussed so that a conclusion can be reached as to which was the strongest in both the short and long term. The bibliography cite 4 sources.
Filename: TE12ceur.wps
Paper Title: Influences in Twelfth century Europe

Interfaith Marriage in the Islamic Religion
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This is a 5 page paper discussing interfaith marriage in the Islamic religion. Interfaith marriage is not recommended in Muslims as Muslims are encouraged to find spouses with a similar religious outlook for the sake of future compatibility and for the raising of children. However the guidelines for marriage in the Qur’an do allow for some instances of intermarriage between Muslim men and non-Muslim women but not between Muslim women and non-Muslim men. For those couples who have interfaith marriages in the Islamic religion, mostly in the Western countries where there are fewer Islamic communities, they have reported success only when they allow themselves equal respect for each other’s religion, educate themselves about the practices of each other’s religion, maintain open communication regarding the practicing of religion, the raising of children and the recognition of holidays. Despite the liberal views of many interfaith couples, difficulties still arise in the raising and faith of the children. Muslim men who have children who have not be raised Muslim may have difficulty bringing them into Islamic states and retaining custody after a divorce. In the world today however and despite the strict guidelines of the Qur’an, interfaith marriages are occurring with the couples themselves largely deciding how to handle their choices for success in their marriage. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJinmar1.rtf
Paper Title: Interfaith Marriage in the Islamic Religion

Is Christian Doctrine Responsible For The Modern Ecological Crisis
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A 5 page paper that discusses this question. The essay cites John Muir, J.B. Callicott, White and others to discuss issues related to the question. The writer comments on different interpretations of specific Biblical verses that are said to lead to an anthropomorphic view of the world and nature. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGecCh.rtf
Paper Title: Is Christian Doctrine Responsible For The Modern Ecological Crisis

Is Marxian Communism a Religion?
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This is a 6 page paper discussing whether or not Marxian Communism can be considered a religion in itself. Marxian Communism was considered a functional alternative to the society in which the oppressed proletariat lived within the 1800s. The definition of religion includes aspects which are functional for society, in which Communism can fulfill; however, the definition of religion also includes a substantive or spiritual aspect which exists outside of the structure of society and reality which Communism cannot fulfill. For this reason, Marxian Communism can be considered religious in its dedication to its political ideals and the dedication of those who believe in its structure but cannot be consider a religion as it does not fulfill people’s spiritual needs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJMarxC1.rtf
Paper Title: Is Marxian Communism a Religion?

Is Scientology a Religion?
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This 16 page paper discusses scientology to determines whether or not it is a religion. The paper includes different definitions of religion and then examines the beliefs and practices of scientologists so consider how they fit in with the concepts of religion. The paper includes discussion concerning the difficulties of Scientology in Germany and why it is not recognised as a religion by the German authorities. The bibliography cites 19 sources.
Filename: TEscientlgy.rtf
Paper Title: Is Scientology a Religion?

Islam and democracy in the Middle East
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A paper which offers a critical analysis of Tessler's article on the relationship of religion and democracy in the Middle East, with particular reference to his comparisons between religiosity in Islamic states and in fundamentalist Christian societies in the western world.
Filename: JLtessl.rtf
Paper Title: Islam and democracy in the Middle East

Islam And The Nation Of Islam
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This 7 page paper argues that the Islamic religion is considered to be a fundamentalist organization whereas the Nation of Islam in the United States is considered t be a nationalist organization. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KTislnoi.wps
Paper Title: Islam And The Nation Of Islam

Islamic Law and Universal Human Rights
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An 11 page discussion of Islamic law as it relates to Universal Human Rights. The question of whether or not a synthesis can be achieved between Islamic law and the principles of Universal Human Rights is addressed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPislRgh.rtf
Paper Title: Islamic Law and Universal Human Rights

Issues Discussed in “The Gospel of Life: Evangelium vitae” by John Paul II
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the issues in “Evangelium vitae” written by Pope John Paul II in 1995. The topics covered include the threats to human life, euthanasia, abortion, capital punishment, moral obligations, moral and civil law, and his central arguments. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJJohnP1.rtf
Paper Title: Issues Discussed in “The Gospel of Life: Evangelium vitae” by John Paul II

Issues Regarding Pre-Marital Sex
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This is a 7 page tutorial language paper on the moral, legal and ethical issues involved in pre-marital sex. Original church rules regarding pre-marital sex were made in the first century when societies were vastly different. In today’s society people are choosing to have pre-marital sex but still feel that couples should be emotionally mature and committed to each other. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJpresx1.rtf
Paper Title: Issues Regarding Pre-Marital Sex

Jesse Jackson And Jerry Falwell: Compare/Contrast
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5 pages in length. Understanding the differences and similarities between religious/civic leaders Jerry Falwell and Jesse Jackson requires one to define the ever-broadening distinction of morality. Indeed, while both men purport to stand upon and uphold the highest moral ground, their actions have demonstrated something quite different. Both Falwell and Jackson revere their own God and attempt to serve their public through this devout religious affiliation; however, each man has found himself in hot water – both legally and morally – because of poor choices and outright deception. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCjesse.wps
Paper Title: Jesse Jackson And Jerry Falwell: Compare/Contrast

Jewish History
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The concept of 'otherness' as a proponent of discriminatory practices dates back to the beginning of human history. This 7 page paper explores Jewish history, focusing on the events of the Medieval and Renaissance eras. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KTjewhsy.wps
Paper Title: Jewish History

John P. Newport's 'Life's Ultimate Questions'
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18 pages in length. John P. Newport was a quintessential examiner; not only did he base his entire life upon finding out the truth of any given topic, delving deeply into its often soft and malleable center in doing so, but he also sought to bring this truth to the people by way of his insightful literary endeavors. 'Life's Ultimate Questions' reflects the epitome of Newport's unrelenting quest for truth, in that its fundamental objective is to both recognize and understand why the world harbors such a vast array of religious beliefs. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCNwprt.rtf
Paper Title: John P. Newport's 'Life's Ultimate Questions'

Joseph II: Religious Reform and the Hapsburg Empire in the Enlightenment
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A 6 page overview of the accomplishments of Joseph II, emperor of Hapsburg. Joseph II’s reforms were targeted at overcoming ecclesiastic privilege and the privilege allowed as a matter of birthright. He envisioned a central state served by loyal citizens rather than administered by those of royal blood. He was a faithful Roman Catholic but sough to win independence for German Catholicism from the powers of Rome. His visions extended to more than just religious organization, however. Joseph II sought to abolish the feudalistic system which was in place during the reign of his father. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPrlgJsp.rtf
Paper Title: Joseph II: Religious Reform and the Hapsburg Empire in the Enlightenment

Kaminer’s “The Last Taboo” and Carter’s “The Culture of Disbelief”
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A 4 page paper which compares Wendy Kaminer’s “The Last Taboo” with the first chapter of Stephen Carter’s book “The Culture of Disbelief.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAkamin.rtf
Paper Title: Kaminer’s “The Last Taboo” and Carter’s “The Culture of Disbelief”

Karl Marx’s Theory of Religion and Modern Day Islamic Turkey
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This is a 5 page paper discussing Marx’s theory of religion and Islamic modern day Turkey. Karl Marx believed that religion was the “opium of the people” and it led to the protection of the elite classes and oppression of the lower classes. In modern day Turkey, the Islamist movement was said to originate as a need to represent the poor urban population and promoted the ideals of Marx in regards to the socialist ideals and community equality. In addition, it also promoted the traditional conservative ideals of the Islamic faith. Since religion has become a part of Turkish politics, the oppression of classes and other religions has continued. Christians within Turkey find it hard to exist in the country as they are not allowed to study their own faith and are forced to learn the foundations of Islam within the educational system. Those children who refuse are humiliated by the teachers and class mates. Since 1980, many Christians have moved from Turkey into parts of Europe. Turkey which is a member of NATO and the European Council deems itself as “secular” to seem more attractive to the western countries but by all accounts, Marxist theories of religion leading to oppression seems to be a ongoing issue in modern day Turkey. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJTurke1.rtf
Paper Title: Karl Marx’s Theory of Religion and Modern Day Islamic Turkey

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