Cost Effectiveness & Drug Pricing In Canada
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4 pages in length. Canada's National Health System is often touted as one of the major advantages in being a Canadian citizen. The system is currently experiencing stress, however, as a result of the very medical advances which are perceived by the world as being instrumental in saving lives and making life more pleasant and bearable for many more. Much of the cost of rising health care is attributed to newly discovered and costly drugs and high-tech procedures, many of which are specialized laboratory procedures developed only in the past few years, but much of the cost is a simple reflection of the fact that medical science is keeping people alive longer than it has in previous decades. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Canadadr.doc
Paper Title: Cost Effectiveness & Drug Pricing In Canada

Critical Analysis: "I am Half-Canadian"
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This 3 page paper analyzes Pamela Swanigan's essay about ex-patriate Americans living in Canada. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVSwanig.rtf
Paper Title: Critical Analysis: "I am Half-Canadian"

Cyberography of Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)
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This 3 page paper is a cyberography of documents found on the web site of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) and related links. 5 sources listed.
Filename: HVCybero.rtf
Paper Title: Cyberography of Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)

Defining Eskimo Culture
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A 5 page research paper that endeavors to define Eskimo culture and also the writer discusses why this is a difficult task. Primarily, the writer asserts that defining Eskimo culture is hard due to the variety of tribes that this generic term encompasses and also because contact with mainstream society causes that culture to change and evolve according to the degree of contact. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: kheski1.rtf
Paper Title: Defining Eskimo Culture

Depression in Canada's New Immigrants
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A 10 page research paper that addresses this topic. Canada is currently experiencing a huge influx of new immigrants. This factor not only affects the Canadian economy and work market, but also it impacts the health care system. The question arises, however, as to precisely what the impact on the health care system will be as this involves determining the needs of this demographic group. The framework for this literature review addresses this question specifically in regards to the topic of mental heath and incidence of depression among new immigrants to Canada. As immigration necessarily implies a period of transition, in which cultural and psychological adjustment is required, it seems logical that depression could be a serious problem among new immigrant groups. The following literature review explores what research has to say on this hypothesis and also what studies reveal about the factors that affect depression among new immigrants, as well as the prevalence of depression. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: khcnimde.rtf
Paper Title: Depression in Canada's New Immigrants

Developing a New Healthcare Model for Canada
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This 7 page paper considers the healthcare system in Canada and the need for the biomedical system to become more people based. After briefly outlining some of the p[problems the writer developed a framework for the system to be re-engineered with these softer objectives as the goals, whilst still maintains efficiently and maximising resources. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEcanahc.rtf
Paper Title: Developing a New Healthcare Model for Canada

Discrimination Against Ex-Convicts in Canada
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This 5 page paper looks at Canada's laws in respect to human and civil rights. The plight of the ex-convict is explored. The paper uses a fictitious case study and argues that ex-cons should not be discriminated against and that it should be a part of the law. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA248Can.rtf
Paper Title: Discrimination Against Ex-Convicts in Canada

Discrimination in Canadian Employment: An Outline of the Problem and Possible Solutions
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This 6 page paper addresses the topic of racism and discrimination in the workplace in Canada. An abstract is included. Solutions for the problem are provided. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA645Can.rtf
Paper Title: Discrimination in Canadian Employment: An Outline of the Problem and Possible Solutions

Diversity and Canada’s Economy
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A 3 page paper discussing the effects of increasing diversity on the Canadian economy. Diversity can be viewed as a threat to the Canadian economy only in the form of initial government expense in the structure that provides financial assistance to new immigrants. Overall, however, diversity represents nothing but pure opportunity for the Canadian economy, because the open Canadian character does not waste time and energy trying to prevent these adventuresome souls from pursuing the dreams they hold for themselves and their families. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KScanDivEcon.rtf
Paper Title: Diversity and Canada’s Economy

Donald Creighton’s “The Empire Of The St. Lawrence”
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A 6 page review of Creighton’s seminal work. Creighton (1956) manages to produce a highly readable account not only of the facts surrounding the historical development of the St. Lawrence area, he also incorporates the attitudes and positions of specific stakeholder groups to contribute a new perspective on the reasons underlying the importance of the St. Lawrence to the economic development of 19th century Canada. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KShiBkRevStL.rtf
Paper Title: Donald Creighton’s “The Empire Of The St. Lawrence”

E-COMMERCE AND TAXATION: CANADA
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This 4-page paper focuses on e-commerce and taxation issues as they pertain to Canada. CCRA and OCED reports are discussed as well. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MTecomca.rtf
Paper Title: E-COMMERCE AND TAXATION: CANADA

E-Health / Tele-Health In Canada
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A 5 page paper that discusses the applications and trends for e-health/tele-health in Canada, something that is strongly supported by the government. Specific examples are provided. The essay concludes with an overview of the network that is being attempted in the United States. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGeheal.rtf
Paper Title: E-Health / Tele-Health In Canada

Earnings Gender Gap In Canada
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A 4 page paper. Historically, women have been paid less than men for doing the same job. The gender wage gap has been explained away by differences in experience, education, tenure and a variety of demographic variables. Yet, controlling for all the many variables, there is still a large differential that cannot be explained. This essay provides some recent data relative to the gender wage gap in Canada using official Canadian statistics. Data included. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGcadp.rtf
Paper Title: Earnings Gender Gap In Canada

Economic and Labor Responsibilities in Children in Rural Farm Families and Urban Working Class Children: Analysis of Articles by Parr, Sutherland and Bullen
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This is a 10 page paper discussing economic and labor responsibilities in children in rural farm families and urban working class children. Joy Parr’s chapter “Apprentice or Adopted” (1994) and Neil Sutherland’s chapter “The Working Lives of Modern Pioneers” (1997) tell of the work ethics, expectations, patriarchal control, family economic status, and gender role development in rural households and communities. Parr addresses the enterprising structure of families on farms which in addition to their gendered-role structure in which all members of families must contribute to the maintenance of the farm, also takes into account the position of immigrant children apprentices. While many farm children are unable to attend schools because of obligations on the farm, this is further diminished in regards to the immigrant children who have fewer educational opportunities than farm children. Sutherland’s work further argues the opportunities which are missed by rural children who are not always able to go to school because of work obligations on the farm. He argues that urban children, who do not have these same obligations, are therefore offered more educational opportunities and subsequent professional opportunities. John Bullen in his article “Hidden Workers: Child Labour and the Family Economy in Late Nineteenth-Century Urban Ontario” (1992) takes this argument one step further. While agreeing that rural children are at a disadvantage because of their labor obligations, so too are urban working class children who also live within family structures where every family member must contribute either in labor or wages in order to sustain the family lifestyle. In all cases, middle and upper class children who do not have the same labor obligations are given more educational, professional and social mobility opportunities in their stead. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJJParr1.rtf
Paper Title: Economic and Labor Responsibilities in Children in Rural Farm Families and Urban Working Class Children: Analysis of Articles by Parr, Sutherland and Bullen

Economic Review of Fishing and Trapping in Nova Scotia
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This 8 page report discusses the status of fisHING in Nova Scotia, Canada. Along with British Columbia on the Pacific coast, Nova Scotia has the largest fishing industry in Canada. Overfishing, stock depletion, international disputes over management and access, and a number of other issues, including the ecological health of the world's oceans have all combined to make fishing a complicated and highly regulated enterprise for eastern Canadians, as well as the federal government. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWnovsco.wps
Paper Title: Economic Review of Fishing and Trapping in Nova Scotia

Education in Canada: The Need for the Separation of Church and State
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This is a 7 page paper discussing the need for the separation of church and state in the educational system in Canada. Most provinces in Canada struggle with the incorporation of church and state in the educational system. Historically, the allowance for funding to religious based school systems can be traced back before Confederation and the Constitution Act of 1867. The Act required the public funding of Roman Catholics schools in Ontario. Despite the provincial funding of public and Catholic separate schools however, funding to school systems controlled by other religions has been denied; a practice which was deemed “discriminatory” by the United Nations in 1999. Funding of separate schools varies from province to province. In addition to the fact that “financial discrimination” is being practiced and can be argued to be in violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, recent studies have found that more than one educational system in a province is not cost efficient and by that reasoning alone should lead to the separation of church and state within the educational system. Private educational systems have also been found to not have the same provincial standards in regards to teacher qualifications and provincial exams among other inequities. Overall then, it can be argued that based on evidence of current discrimination, the need for the protection of the strength of the public school system, discrepancies in standards, democratic rights and the need for financial efficiency, there should be a separation of church and state within the educational system in Canada. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJCancs1.rtf
Paper Title: Education in Canada: The Need for the Separation of Church and State

Education Reform in Lithuania, Japan and Canada
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This is a 16 page paper on education reform in Lithuania, Japan and Canada. The paper includes an outline and summary/introduction as well. Within the last decade, the countries of Lithuania, Japan and Canada have seen a great many education reforms. While in some cases, there are similar characteristics and trends in the reforms, in other cases, the reforms are considerably different. Since its independence, Lithuanian education reform has focused a great deal on renewing the curriculum to do away with all of the Soviet ideologies, creating an educational system which is similar and competitive with the European market yet also allow for autonomy of institutions for research and education which they were denied in the Soviet era. Japanese reforms have led to a system where the teachers and students are less reliant on a standard and limited curriculum and instead has recently emphasized less stress within the educational environment, shorter school weeks and hours spent in school and more emphasis on “integrated learning” where students are taught how to learn. Within the last two decades in Canada, education reform has undergone several processes. Some of the earlier processes were similar to those within Lithuania and Japan in regards to an integrated curriculum, however many teachers felt these programs were not well supported or consistent across the territorial and provincial systems. In addition, most education “reforms” in Canada within the last decade have focused more so on cost reduction which has not only removed the teachers from the reform process but has also had little consideration for the impact of significantly reduced spending on the students and learning. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TJedref1.rtf
Paper Title: Education Reform in Lithuania, Japan and Canada

Effects of Film Industry on Canadian Economy
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A 6 page paper which examines the growth and eventual leveling off of the film industry, and explanation why it needs to slow down and the effect this will have on the Canadian economy. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: Canfilm.wps
Paper Title: Effects of Film Industry on Canadian Economy

Emergency Medical Services Communication Barriers to Access for Prostitutes, Transsexuals and the Homeless Population
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This is a 6 page paper with added tutorial language discussing the emergency medical services communication barriers which exist in the special populations of prostitutes, transsexuals and homeless populations. Although various emergency and health care services are offered in Toronto and the province of Ontario, the populations of homeless people, prostitutes and transsexuals are reluctant to use these services. All three of these populations have reported harassment, and “treat ‘em and street ‘em” minimal services from emergency health care services. This adds to the reluctance to contact these services in addition to the fear of contacting official agencies because of the legal implications. Incidence of drug and alcohol abuse and underage prostitution in addition to the high degree of violence associated with prostitution lead to an obvious initial degree of reluctance to contact authorities in regards to emergency assistance. Unfortunately, these populations have a higher need of emergency services than most due to the increase risk of substance abuse, exposure to disease and in the case of transsexuals, complications due to the administration of hormones. Despite the findings from most studies, initial examination of services offered in homeless shelters in the Toronto area show that these first contact agencies do not include access to emergency and health care services. In order to improve communication to these populations first contact should perhaps be instigated through these initial services. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJEMSba1.rtf
Paper Title: Emergency Medical Services Communication Barriers to Access for Prostitutes, Transsexuals and the Homeless Population

Employer-Positive Aspects of the Employment Standards of British Columbia
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A 5 page paper discussing ways that increased government regulation can be of benefit to businesses in British Columbia. At first glance, the latest pass at standardizing employment practices and labor laws in British Columbia can appear to be yet another layer of governmental involvement in private enterprise. Though there are expenses in both time and money in reviewing, implementing and overseeing the progress of the results of additional legislation, there are benefits to the employer that are well worthwhile, including better planning of operations and more efficient use of financial and human resources. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KSempStdsBC.rtf
Paper Title: Employer-Positive Aspects of the Employment Standards of British Columbia

Executive Federalism In Canada
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This 7 page paper defines federalism in terms of the difference between the United States government and the Canadian then looks at the recent political controversies arising from the specific style of federalism (known as 'executive federalism) in Canada. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTexcfed.wps
Paper Title: Executive Federalism In Canada

Factors Relating to Canadian Dental Service Utilization and Access
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This is a 10 page paper discussing factors relating to dental service utilization in Canada. While Canadians enjoy a universal health care system regulated by the Canada Health Act, dental care (except for dental surgery in hospitals) is not covered by the network of territorial and provincial health insurance plans. Because of this lack of free coverage, financial barriers are often those which prevent utilization of dental services in Canada. However, financial barriers are not the only factors preventing access to dental services. Various studies have found that dental care utilization is also affected by health and illness factors especially in the growing senior population, reluctance to seek out new dental professionals, regional access, regional and cultural beliefs regarding dentistry as preventative and not necessary care, in addition to language and cultural barriers. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCdent1.rtf
Paper Title: Factors Relating to Canadian Dental Service Utilization and Access

Female Wage and Labor Differentials in Canada: History, Difference in Labor Markets, The Wage Gap, General Discrimination and Trends
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This is a 12 page paper discussing wage and labor differentials for women in Canada. Within Canada today, women in the labor force generally make 70 to 80 cents for every dollar men make. This “wage gap” has actually decreased greatly over the years but still has a long way to go for total equity in the work place despite positive legislation in the 1970s and 1980s. Historically, women within Canada have been “crowded” into certain female-dominated professions such as clerical positions, nursing, teaching, domestic work, social work and sales and services. While clerical work once was comparable with male blue-collar jobs in regards to pay, the increase in unionization in many blue-collar trades left most of the female-dominated positions as those which were lower paid. As women shifted away from clerical positions and proceeded to attain degrees in higher education, the wage gap began to decrease but then women encountered the “glass ceiling” in which women held a disproportionate number of positions in the lowest quartile in large corporations. Today, women still have lower average salaries than men despite the gain in higher education. One of the reasons found within studies by Statistics Canada and others is that women who choose to have and raise children lose experience during their absence; experience men continue to gain which in turn leads to more promotions. Another reason believed for the continue wage gap is discrimination which still exists within employers, co-workers and the general population somewhat who still categorize some professions as “female” (such as teaching) and some as “male” (such as the trades) and in essence this restricts female workers from opportunities within the blue collar and higher executive markets. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJwompd1.rtf
Paper Title: Female Wage and Labor Differentials in Canada: History, Difference in Labor Markets, The Wage Gap, General Discrimination and Trends

Fibromyalgia & Quebec Law
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A 12 page research paper that examines fibromyalgia as an occupational disease and how difficult it is to obtain workers' compensation under Canadian and Quebec law. The writer also defines the nature of the disease and gives case studies. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: khfibque.rtf
Paper Title: Fibromyalgia & Quebec Law

FINNISH DOMESTICS IN CANADA: I WON’T BE A SLAVE
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This 3 page paper discusses the article by Lindstrom called: I won't be a slave. A review, analysis and commentary are offered. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBfinnish.rtf
Paper Title: FINNISH DOMESTICS IN CANADA: I WON’T BE A SLAVE

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